Part II: Syntax, semantics, & discourse

1. An overview of syntax & semantics

1.1 The layered structure of the clause

1.1.1 The nucleus, core, and clause
1.1.2 Verbal and non-verbal predicates
1.1.3 Arguments & Adjuncts
1.1.4 Special syntactic positions
1.1.5 Operators

1.2 Predicate-types

1.2.1 States
1.2.2 Activities & active achievements
1.2.3 Achievements
1.2.4 Accomplishment
1.2.5 Semelfactives
1.2.6 Causatives

1.3 Sentence Prosody: Prominence and Pauses
1.4 Information Packaging in the Clause
1.5 Conclusion: A construction-driven approach

2. The simplex clause

2.1 Default clause structure

2.1.1 Natural information flow & information structure
2.1.2 Constituent order & prosody within the core
2.1.3 Declaratives
2.1.4 Content Questions
2.1.5 Yes/No Questions
2.1.6 Commands and prohibitions

2.2 Marked clause structures

2.2.1 Prosody, constituent order & the pre-core slot
2.2.2 Prosody, constituent order & the detached positions
2.2.3 Marked topic constructions
2.2.4 Marked focus constructions

2.3 Other constructions

2.3.1 Noun incorporation and other ditransitive constructions
2.3.2 Predicate types of clause constructions
2.3.3 Constructions involving operators in the clause

3. The simple reference phrase (i.e. the noun phrase)

3.1 Major functions of the reference phrase
3.2 Basic noun phrase structure

3.2.1 Constituent structure

3.2.1.1 Layered Structure of the noun phrase
3.2.1.2 NP Arguments
3.2.1.3 NP Adjuncts

3.2.2 Noun phrase operators

3.2.2.1 Deixis
3.2.2.2 Identifiability
3.2.2.3 Specificity
3.2.2.4 Negation
3.2.2.5 Quantification
3.2.2.6 Aspect

3.3 Noun phrases and information structure
3.4 Lexical Nominalization

3.4.1 Processes for forming nouns from lexical verbs
3.4.2 Syntactic collocation

3.4.2.1 Assimilation of arguments to NP syntax
3.4.2.2 Unexpressed arguments

4. Prepositional phrases
5. An introduction to complex constructions
6. Coordinate constructions

6.1 The semantics of connectives
6.2 The structure of coordination
6.3 Postpositives

7. Subordination & co-subordination

7.1 Subordinate clauses with clause linkage markers
7.2 Infinitives

7.2.1 Infinitives as arguments
7.2.2 Infinitives as adjuncts
7.2.3 Infinitives as complex predicates

7.3 Participles

7.3.1 Participles as arguments
7.3.2 Participles as adjuncts
7.3.3 Participles as complex predicates

8. Insubordination
9. Prepositional phrases

9.1 Prepositional phrases as adjuncts
9.2 Prepositional phrases as arguments
9.3 Prepositional phrases between adjuncts & arguments

10. Complex reference phrases

10.1 Participles within the reference phrase

10.2 Relative clauses

10.2.1 Headed relative clauses

10.2.2 Non-headed relative clauses

11. Discourse structure

11.1 Sentence processing

11.2 Sentence fragments and interjections

11.3 Self-repair & Correction

12. Cohesion strategies

Appendices

Appendix #1 – Middle voice systems in a typological context

Appendix #2 – The Tense / Aspect non-debate

Appendix #2 – The Greek Referential & Deictic System

Appendix #3 – The Lexicon

Cross-referencing index for traditional grammar categories